Futsal is a variant of
association football that is played on a smaller pitch and mainly played indoors. Its name is a
portmanteau of the
Portuguese futebol de salão and the
Spanish fútbol de salón (colloquially
fútbol sala), which can be translated as "hall football" or "indoor football". During the sport's second world championships held in
Madrid in 1985, the name
fútbol Sala was used. Since then, all other names have been officially and internationally changed to
futsal.
Futsal is played between two teams each with five players, one of whom is the
goalkeeper. Unlimited substitutions are permitted. Unlike some other forms of
indoor football,
the game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or
boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller ball with
less bounce than a regular football.
[1]
The surface, ball and rules create an emphasis on improvisation,
creativity and technique as well as ball control and passing in small
spaces.
[2]
Rules
As international governing bodies of futsal, FIFA and AMF are responsible for maintaining and
promulgating the official rules of their respective versions of futsal. Like
association football,
futsal has laws that define all aspects of the game, including what may
be changed to suit local competitions and leagues. There are seventeen
laws in the Futsal Laws of the Game.
[3]
Players, equipment and officials
There are five players on each team, one of whom is the goalkeeper.
The maximum number of substitutes allowed is seven, with unlimited
substitutions during the match. Substitutes can come on even when the
ball is in play.
[4] If a team has fewer than three players in the team, the match is abandoned.
[5]
The
kit is
made up of a jersey or shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shinguards
made out of rubber or plastic, and shoes with rubber soles. The
goalkeeper is allowed to wear long trousers and a different coloured
kit, to distinguish himself from the other players in the team and the
referee. He is also allowed to wear elbow pads because the surface is
about as hard as a tennis court or basketball court. Jewellery is not
allowed, nor are other items that could be dangerous to the player
wearing the item or to other active participants.
[6]
The match is controlled by the referee, who enforces the Laws of the
Game, and the first referee is the only one who can legally abandon the
match because of interference from outside the pitch. This referee is
also assisted by a second referee. The decisions made by the referees
are final and can only be changed if the referees think it is necessary
and play has not restarted.
[7]
There is also a third referee and a timekeeper, who are provided with
equipment to keep a record of fouls in the match. In the event of injury
to the referee or second referee, the third referee will replace the
second referee.
[8]
The pitch
The pitch is made up of wood or artificial material, or similar
surface, although any flat, smooth and non-abrasive material may be
used. The length of the pitch is in the range of 38–42 m (42-46 yd), and
the width is in the range of 20–25 m (22-27 yd) in international
matches. For other matches, it can be 25–42 m (27-46 yd) in length,
while the width can be 16–25 m (17-27 yd), as long as the length of the
longer boundary lines (touchlines) are greater than the shorter
boundaries where the goals are placed (goal lines).
[9] The ceiling must be at least 4 m (4 yd) high.
[10]
A rectangular goal is positioned at the middle of each goal line. The
inner edges of the vertical goal posts must be 3 m (3 yd) apart, and the
lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must
be 2 m (2.2 yd) above the ground. Nets made of hemp, jute or nylon are
attached to the back of the goalposts and crossbar. The lower part of
the nets is attached to curved tubing or another suitable means of
support. The depth of the goal is 80 cm at the top and 1 m at the
bottom.
[11]
In front of each goal is an area known as the penalty area. This area
is created by drawing quarter-circles with a 6 m (7 yd) radius from the
goal line, centred on the goalposts. The upper part of each
quarter-circle is then joined by a 3.16 m (3.46 yd) line running
parallel to the goal line between the goalposts. The line marking the
edge of the penalty area is known as the penalty area line.
[12]
The penalty area marks where the goalkeeper is allowed to touch the
ball with his hands. The penalty mark is six metres from the goal line
when it reaches the middle of the goalposts. The second penalty mark is
10 metres (11 yd) from the goal line when it reaches the middle of the
goalposts. A penalty kick from the penalty spot is awarded if a player
commits a foul inside the penalty area.
[13]
The second penalty spot is used if a player commits his team's sixth
foul in the opposing team's half or in his own half in the area bordered
by the halfway line and an imaginary line parallel to the halfway line
passing through the second penalty mark; the
free kick is taken from the second penalty mark.
[14]
Any standard
team handball pitch can be used for futsal, including goals and floor markings.
Duration and tie-breaking methods
A standard match consists of two equal periods of 20 minutes. The
length of either half is extended to allow penalty kicks to be taken or a
direct free kick to be taken against a team that has committed more
than five fouls. The interval between the two halves cannot exceed 15
minutes.
[15]
In some competitions, the game cannot end in a draw, so away goals,
extra time and penalties are the three methods for determining the
winner after a match has been drawn. Away goals mean that if the team's
score is level after playing one home and one away game, the goals
scored in the away match count as double. Extra time consists of two
periods of five minutes. If no winner is produced after these methods,
five penalties are taken, and the team that has scored the most wins. If
it is not decided after five penalties, it continues to go on with one
extra penalty to each team at a time until one of them has scored more
goals than the other. Unlike extra time, the goals scored in a penalty
shoot-out do not count towards the goals scored throughout the match.
[16]
The start and restart of play
At the beginning of the match, a coin toss is used to decide who will
start the match. A kick-off is used to signal the start of play and is
also used at the start of the second half and any periods of extra time.
It is also used after a goal has been scored, with the other team
starting the play.
[17]
After a temporary stoppage for any reason not mentioned in the Laws of
the Game, the referee will drop the ball where the play was stopped,
provided that, prior to the stoppage, the ball was in play and had not
crossed either the touch lines or goal lines.
[18]
If the ball goes over the goal line or touchline, hits the ceiling,
or the play is stopped by the referee, the ball is out of play. If it
hits the ceiling of an indoor arena, play is restarted with a kick-in to
the opponents of the team that last touched the ball, under the place
where it hit the ceiling.
[10]
Misconduct
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Players are cautioned with a yellow card and sent off with a red card.
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A direct free kick can be awarded to the opposing team if a player
succeeds or attempts to kick or trip an opponent, jumps, charges or
pushes an opponent, or strikes or attempts to strike an opponent.
Holding, touching or spitting at an opponent are offenses that are
worthy of a direct free kick, as are sliding in to play the ball while
an opponent is playing it or carrying, striking or throwing the ball
(except the goalkeeper). These are all accumulated fouls. The direct
free kick is taken where the infringement occurred, unless it is awarded
to the defending team in their penalty area, in which case the free
kick may be taken from anywhere inside the penalty area.
[19]
A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits one of the fouls that are
worthy of a direct free kick inside his own penalty area. The position
of the ball does not matter as long as it is in play.
[20]
An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper
clears the ball but then touches it with his hands before anyone else,
if he controls the ball with his hands when it has been kicked to him by
a teammate, or if he touches or controls the ball with his hands or
feet in his own half for more than four seconds.
[20]
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if a player
plays in a dangerous manner, deliberately obstructs an opponent,
prevents the goalkeeper from throwing the ball with his hands or
anything else for which play is stopped to caution or dismiss a player.
The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the infringement
occurred.
[20]
Yellow and red cards are both used in futsal. The yellow card is to
caution players over their actions, and, if they get two, they are given
a red card, which means they are sent off the field. A yellow card is
shown if a player shows unsporting behaviour, dissent, persistent
infringement of the Laws of the Game, delaying the restart of play,
failing to respect the distance of the player from the ball when play is
being restarted, infringement of substitution procedure or entering,
re-entering and leaving the pitch without the referee's permission.
[21]
A player is shown the red card and sent off if they engage in serious
foul play, violent conduct, spitting at another person, or denying the
opposing team a goal by handling the ball (except the goalkeeper inside
his penalty area). Also punishable with a red card is denying an
opponent moving towards the player's goal a goalscoring opportunity by
committing an offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick and
using offensive, insulting or abusive language or gestures.
[21]
A player who has been sent off must leave the vicinity of the pitch. A
substitute player is permitted to come on two minutes after a teammate
has been sent off, unless a goal is scored before the end of the two
minutes. If a team with more players scores against a team with fewer
players, another player can be added to the team with an inferior number
of players. If the teams are equal when the goal is scored or if the
team with fewer players scores, both teams remain with the same number
of players.
[22]
Ranking
Men's ranking
As of June 4, 2012, the top 25 teams according to the ELO-based rankings are:
[23]
As of May 7, 2012, the top 25 teams according to a ranking based partly on the ELO system and partly on a form-based system are:
[24]
Women's ranking
As of May 7, 2012, according to a ranking based partly on the ELO
system and partly on a form-based system, the top 10 teams are:
[25]
FIFA Competitions
Men's national teams
International
Continental (major)
Continental (minor)
Africa
Asia
South America
Clubs
Women's national teams
International
Continental
FIFUSA/AMF Competitions
Men's national teams
International
Continental (major)
Women's national teams
International
Continental
Continental (minor)
Clubs
See also
References
External links
| [show]
International futsal
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| [show]
International club futsal (FIFA)
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Spain
Brazil
Italy
Russia
Portugal
Argentina
Iran
Ukraine
Paraguay
Japan
Thailand
Romania
Serbia
Croatia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Uzbekistan
Colombia
Guatemala
Netherlands
Slovenia
Libya
Uruguay
Hungary
Cuba
Australia
Ecuador
Venezuela
Peru
Bolivia
Catalonia
Galicia
Belgium
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